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Ligia Montoya
Ligia Montoya (February 23, 1920 - April 4, 1967): Argentinian paper-folding artist, who played an important role in all aspects of the 'golden age' of the international origami movement from the 1950s, from which developed modern artistic origami—that is, innovative paper-folding exploring a variety of different approaches, rather than repeating limited traditional figures.
==Biography==
Ligia Montoya was born in the Province of Buenos Aires in the Republic of Argentina, where she lived most of her life. Of a shy and retiring nature, she nevertheless came into extended correspondence with leading paperfolders internationally, and to be highly respected, as the “Angel of Origami”, and thus influential in the development of this modern art. Although she never published a projected book of her numerous designs, she posted many original models abroad.〔There being scant written biography for Señorita Montoya, facts and interpretations here are largely based on a number of brief sources, of varying authority, including e.g. the informal Spanish "''Quito de Papel''" (23 xii 07) online article (), and "Orgamistas", both from Argentinia (). For brief mentions in short, but accessible and reliable English sources, see several entries in David Lister, "The Lister List", notably "History of Origami: outline suggestions for a basic, essential history" (). The most extended, coherent and reliable English biography is in David Lister’s “The History of Paperfolding in South America”, in ''FOLD'' (1996).〕 Pertinent biographical facts remain sketchy and in places tentative. Until recently, there was not even a firm date for her birth from which to measure. Accordingly, the following account is hypothetical, to invite interest, correction and supplement.
In youth Ligia Montoya travelled from Buenos Aires to Spain, where she completed elementary then high school education.〔There are reports that she began university study there as well--even as a student at the Universidad de Salamanca during philosopher and paperfolder Miguel de Unamuno's second (1930-1936) period as its rector. A 1920 birthdate makes that unlikely, as does Unamuno's political situation by the middle 1930s.〕 With the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War and the closing of universities in 1936, she returned to Argentina, enrolling in literature at Universidad de Buenos Aires and studying for a second degree in library science (''bibliotecológicas''). Beginning in 1938 in Córdoba, Argentina, Dr Vicente Solórzano Sagredo published an ambitious series of origami books. At first these were illustrated with photographs; then he employed Ligiaa Montoya to do careful drawings, before any international standard notation had been developed. However, her work there, not only as illustrator but, necessarily, as analyst—even improver—of his folds, as well as innovator in diagram notation, went unacknowledged.〔For basic information on Solórzano see George Ho's online table (); for a brief account of his Spanish term "''papiroflexia''" see David Lister's "The Lister List": (); for a fuller account and estimate, his “History of Paperfolding in South America”.〕 Ligia Montoya next joined in extended communication with American Gershon Legman, with whom she worked cooperatively for years on technical and artistic aspects of paperfolding. Her most celebrated analytic accomplishment was reconstruction of the base for the famous dragonfly from the Japanese Kayaragusa, published in 1958 in ''Origamian'', the journal of the newly formed (New York) Origami Center (now OrigamiUSA).〔(For contextual information see David Lister's account )〕 Through this journal and Legman's connections, in time Ligia Montoya communicated extensively with the founder of the Center, Lillian Oppenheimer, as well as with Alice Gray, Fred Rohm and Samuel Randlett in the United States; Robert Harbin and Iris Walker in England; Akira Yoshizawa in Japan. A profile of her, with picture, was published in the ''Origamian''. Montoya and Yoshizawa works were featured in the 1959 paperfolding exhibit at the Cooper-Hewitt National Design Museum.〔However, the online facsimile of the catalogue for the exhibit lists only five of her models against over forty of Yoshizawa's.()〕
In the mid-1960s, the active Spanish paperfolder Francisco del Rio attempted, unsuccessfully, to draw Ligia Montoya into the center of organized paperfolding culture. She reportedly wished only to keep house for her close family, consisting of her mother, sister, brother-in-law and their three children—with time for paper-folding and correspondence. It appears that a serious accident in the early 1960s, followed by her mother’s death in 1966, added to Ligia Montoya’s declining health, spelt her end a year later, but not before she had given paperfolding classes to teachers at an art school, and made careful drawings and folded duplicates of many of her voluminous productions, so that her life’s work might survive her. To this date, however, her autograph models have not been assembled and only one serious study of her work, difficult to obtain, has been published, in Spanish.〔Teodosio de la Fuente Rios, ''Homenaje a Ligia Montoya, Papiroflecta'' (1992).〕 David Lister observes: "For the grace and simple beauty of her creations and also her folding, no other paperfolder has been admired more than Ligia Montoya. Yet she herself remains an enigmatic person. She corresponded generously with many other folders throughout the world, yet she surrounded her private life with a barrier of modesty that none could penetrate."〔David Lister, “History of Paperfolding in South America”, ''FOLD''--which is the source of most of the information in this section.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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